Banking firms are becoming increasingly aware that their clients’ management of environmental and social risks may in term threaten their own business as lenders and investors. In addition, stakeholders are requiring banks to improve their social performance. As a result, some banks are developing corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies and management systems to reduce potential risks and improve their performance. In the Spanish financial system, half of the banking firms are savings banks, most of which have always used some Corporate (...) Social Responsibility (CSR) criteria in their management. Private Banks have only recently started to integrate social aspects in their performance. However, no formal analysis has been carried out on the impact of CSR strategies. Various initiatives have been launched nationally and internationally to include the social dimension in management systems. The purpose of this research is to analyse the social performance of the main Spanish financial companies through public data such as social or sustainability reports and media sources. In order to do this, we need to determine which CSR criteria most greatly affect banking firms and to choose the most accurate quantitative and qualitative indicators to measure social performance. (shrink)

En este artículo examino la noción de amor a Dios (amour envers Dieu) en Descartes, conectándola con los principios metafísicos de su sistema y con los objetivos a los que da respuesta, y mostrando sus beneficios para la vida de todo hombre. Los desacuerdos de Spinoza en esta materia no constituyen una discrepancia menor, sino que adquieren relevancia sistémica desde el momento en que el amor Dei está conectado con nociones centrales de su filosofía, como la idea de Dios y (...) sus atributos, la relación del hombre con la sustancia infinita, la actividad mental-corporal, el conocimiento como expresión del deseo, la función liberadora de los afectos y la fruición del amor a Dios. Esta noción constituye una plataforma privilegiada para examinar las peculiaridades de los sistemas de Descartes y Spinoza, y deja ver notables diferencias en sus respectivos proyectos de naturalización de la realidad. (shrink)

El presente trabajo proporciona una perspectiva epistemológica al tratamiento dado por Cabriada a los alimentos. Las referencias a los alimentos en la _Carta Filosófica, Médico-Química_ (1687) son escasas pero relevantes. El examen crítico de los pasajes donde se mencionan determinados productos pone de manifiesto cuál es su interés epistémico para una medicina moderna. El lenguaje tradicional, que distinguía los «alimentos fríos y húmedos» de los «alimentos calientes y secos», deja paso al nuevo lenguaje físico-químico donde se habla de propiedades como (...) la acidez y la salinidad asociadas al movimiento de los átomos y a su configuración. Los cambios afectan también a los remedios, que serán de carácter químico y a base de plantas americanas como la quinaquina. Pese a este cambio, Cabriada no rechaza la medicina antigua en bloque. El incorpora a Hipócrates, que preludia la observación y la experimentación modernas, y rechaza el galenismo tardío (oscuro y confuso) por estar plagado de términos subjetivos. (shrink)

Background: COVID-19 has taken many lives worldwide and due to this, millions of persons are in grief. When the grief process lasts longer than 6 months, the person is in risk of developing Complicated Grief Disorder. The CGD is related to serious health consequences. To reduce the probability of developing CGD a preventive intervention could be applied. In developing countries like Mexico, the psychological services are scarce, self-applied interventions could provide support to solve this problem and reduce the health impact (...) even after the pandemic has already finished.Aims: To design and implement a self-applied intervention composed of 12 modules focused on the decrease of the risk of developing CGD, and increasing the life quality, and as a secondary objective to reduce the symptomatology of anxiety, depression, and increase of sleep quality. The Intervention Duelo COVID follows the principles of User Experience and is designed according to the needs and desires of a sample of the objective participants, to increase the adherence to the self-applied intervention, considered one of the main weaknesses of online interventions.Methods: A Randomized Controlled Trial will be conducted from the 22nd of December of 2020 to the first of June 2021. The participants will be assigned to an intervention with elements of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Mindfulness and Positive Psychology. The control group will be a wait-list condition, that will receive the intervention 1.5–2 months after the pre-measurement were taken. The Power Size Calculation conducted through G*Power indicated the need for a total of 42 participants, which will be divided by 21 participants in each group. The platform will be delivered through responsive design assuring with this that the intervention will adapt to the screen size of cellphones, tablets, and computers.Ethics and Dissemination: The study counts with the approval of the Research Ethics Committee of the Autonomous University of Ciudad Juárez, México, and it is registered in Clinical Trials. The article is sent and registered in clinical trials before the recruitment started. The results will be reported in future conferences, scientific publications, and media. (shrink)

The political question in Descartes is an enormously complex issue. The historical circumstances surrounding his life, philosophical principles and the strict epistemological considerations that he defended intertwine in a sort of biological- theoretical-practical crossroads. Our work unravels the keys of Cartesian politics commonly perceived as shadowy.

The political question in Descartes is an enormously complex issue. The historical circumstances surrounding his life, philosophical principles and the strict epistemological considerations that he defended intertwine in a sort of biological- theoretical-practical crossroads. Our work unravels the keys of Cartesian politics commonly perceived as shadowy.

Aunque admito sin reservas -nos dice Spinoza en su TTP- que todas las cosas son determinadas por leyes universales de la naturaleza a existir y a obrar de una forma fija y determinada, afirmo, no obstante, que [...], para el uso de la vida,...

Impaired emotional capacity in antisocial populations is a well-known reality. Taking the dimensional approach to the study of emotion, emotions are perceived as a disposition to action; they emerge from arousal of the appetitive or aversive system, and result in subjective, behavioral, and physiological responses that are modulated by the dimensions of valence, arousal, and dominance. This study uses the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) to study the interaction between the type of picture presented (pleasant, neutral, or unpleasant) and group (...) (adolescents under custody in juvenile justice centers, adolescents under non-custodial measures, and secondary school students) in the emotional assessment of these dimensions. The interaction between the study variables was statistically significant. Statistically significant differences were found between the three types of pictures presented, in the ratings of unpleasant pictures between the custody group and the group of secondary students in regular schooling in valence, and in the ratings of unpleasant, neutral, and pleasant pictures in arousal, between the custody group and all groups. Discriminant analyses of each affective dimension indicate that the unpleasant pictures with violent and/or aggressive content tend to be in the functions that most differentiate the antisocial groups. (shrink)

This paper proposes and analyzes the psychometric properties of the PREVI-A scale. It describes the process of item development, the factorial structure of the scale, reliability, evidence of validity and diagnostic performance with regard to recidivism risk in juvenile offenders. The sample was made up of 212 juvenile offenders held at detention centers run by the Madrid Agency for Reeducation and Reintegration of Juvenile Offenders, a regional government body. Statistical analyses were used to corroborate the theoretical factorial structure of the (...) PREVI-A, which consists of six risk/protection dimensions based on the Risk-Needs-Responsivity Model, and to obtain empirical support for the reliability and validity of PREVI-A as a tool to assess the risk of recidivism by juvenile offenders in Spain. (shrink)

Banking firms are becoming increasingly aware that their clients’ management of environmental and social risks may in term threaten their own business as lenders and investors. In addition, stakeholders are requiring banks to improve their social performance. As a result, some banks are developing corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies and management systems to reduce potential risks and improve their performance. In the Spanish financial system, half of the banking firms are savings banks, most of which have always used some Corporate (...) Social Responsibility (CSR) criteria in their management. Private Banks have only recently started to integrate social aspects in their performance. However, no formal analysis has been carried out on the impact of CSR strategies. Various initiatives have been launched nationally and internationally to include the social dimension in management systems. The purpose of this research is to analyse the social performance of the main Spanish financial companies through public data such as social or sustainability reports and media sources. In order to do this, we need to determine which CSR criteria most greatly affect banking firms and to choose the most accurate quantitative and qualitative indicators to measure social performance. (shrink)

ObjectiveTo investigate the association of pre-existing migraine in patients hospitalised and who recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection with the presence of post-coronavirus disease symptoms.BackgroundNo study has investigated the role of migraine as a risk factor for development of post-COVID symptoms.MethodsA case-control study including individuals hospitalised during the first wave of the pandemic was conducted. Patients with confirmed previous diagnosis of migraine were considered cases. Two age- and sex-matched individuals without a history of headache per case were (...) also recruited as controls. Hospitalisation/clinical data were collected from hospital medical records. Patients were scheduled for a telephone interview. A list of post-COVID symptoms was systematically evaluated, but participants were invited to freely report any symptom. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used to assess anxiety/depressive symptoms and sleep quality. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were constructed.ResultsOverall, 57 patients with confirmed diagnosis of migraine and 144 non-migraine controls who had recovered from COVID-19 were assessed at 7.3 months after hospital discharge. The number of post-COVID symptoms in the migraine group was significantly greater than in the non-migraine group. Fatigue was significantly more prevalent in the migraine group. However, no between-groups difference in the prevalence of headache as a post-COVID symptom was detected.ConclusionPatients with a history of migraine who recovered from COVID-19 exhibited more long-term fatigue as post-COVID sequelae than those without migraine. Some of the pathophysiological changes associated with migraine could predispose to the occurrence of post-COVID symptoms. (shrink)

Testimonio que recoge algunas experiencias y reflexiones de la artista visual costarricense María Rapela en Alemania y de cómo se involucró en la gestión cultural, coordinando el Fieber Festival, una plataforma colaborativa y auto-gestionada de mujeres artistas migrantes iberoamericanas en Berlín entre el 2011 y el 2017.

El pasaje de la Elegía de Gray (PEG) en “On Denoting” es extremadamente obscuro y ha sido objeto de muy diversas interpretaciones. Aparentemente contiene una crítica devastadora contra la teoría de los conceptos denotativos que el propio Russell había postulado en The Principles of Mathematics (PM) (1903). En este artículo exponemos sucintamente dicha teoría semántica, examinamos detalladamente el pasaje en cuestión y exploramos algunas de las interpretaciones que pretenden desentrañar su sentido. Con ello mostramos, en primer lugar, que la crítica (...) se dirige directamente contra la teoría de PM; en segundo lugar, que no es posible hacer unos pocos cambios homogéneos para habilitar una lectura literal del pasaje; finalmente, que, si bien algunos de los argumentos que los intérpretes han aducido para abandonar la teoría de los conceptos denotativos son sólidos, no es obvio que todos ellos se encuentren en PEG. (shrink)

At the centenary of the creation of Diary of a Newlywed Poet, this paper elaborates on its metaphysical discovery. Building on the relevant concepts of the poet's aesthetics, it discovers the search for meaning in the poems in the light of sensitive enrichment, the understanding of reality and the stimulation of the receiver's conscience. The study was performed in the triple sense of cultivation, term under which the poet held a theory of human development, as cultivation of sensitivity, intelligence and (...) conscience. (shrink)

Spinoza no ha elaborado una doctrina sistemática sobre la tolerancia, sin embargo resulta manifiesta su preocupación por los efectos que tienen para el estado moderno tanto su carencia como una excesiva permisividad en este asunto. En el Tratado Teológico-político el filósofo censura la conducta pertinaz de los fariseos por su falta de tolerancia, al mismo tiempo que contempla con recelo la complacencia de algunos políticos holandeses que, en el presente, hacen gala de una tolerancia hipertrofiada. En el presente artículo consideraremos (...) la posición de Spinoza ante estas dos tradiciones, y su propuesta a favor de delimitar con claridad las fronteras de la tolerancia en el estado con el fin de proteger el imperium de la república y la libertad del ciudadano. (shrink)

En este trabajo presentamos la traducción del latín al español, con introducción y breves notas, del octavo de los denominados Carmina Profana o Romulea escritos por el poeta cristiano Blosio Emilio Draconcio durante el siglo V y transmitido por la tradición textual bajo el título De Raptu Helenae. In this paper, we offer the translation from latin to spanish, with introduction and short notes, of the eighth of the so-called Carmina Profana or Romulea, written by the poet Blossius Aemilius Dracontius (...) during the 5th Century and transmitted by textual tradition under the title De Raptu Helenae. (shrink)

Los derechos sociales no han estado incorporados en las Comunidades Europeas, sino como consecuencias de la libre circulación de personas. Poco a poco a través de la política social se han ido asumiendo exigencias sociales que han desembocado en la formulación de derechos sociales denominados hoy "derechos de la solidaridad" en la Carta de Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión. No obstante, su efectividad y su justicialidad continúan siendo un interrogante y expresión del déficit de la U.E.

O objectivo deste artigo é a exploração de duas perspectivas contrastantes das teses de Leibniz sobre a Vida Feliz: numa, a felicidade depende da razão iluminada e da compreensão. A razão e a sabedoria são os verdadeiros fundamentos da felicidade, e se alcançarmos essa “Ciência da felicidade”, encontrá-la-emos, sem qualquer dúvida. A outra perspectiva apresenta-nos a finitude humana, a confusão que rege muitas vezes a própria vida, a fraqueza da vontade e os limites da razão, como obstáculos para a felicidade (...) e a tranquilidade. Efectivamente, a verdadeira felicidade só se pode encontrar na “delectatio in felicitate alterius”, em suma, no amor a Deus. Estas diferentes perspectivas podem entender-se como o contraste entre uma felicidade ideal que todo o homem deseja e a realidade da condição humana e da sua indigência. (shrink)

El propósito de este trabajo es mostrar, primero, cómo se formaron las ciencias sociales, con qué características y presupuestos, y comprender sus dificultades para entender y abordar los problemas ambientales. En un segundo momento se presentarán unas reflexiones en torno al conocimiento y su relación con el ambiente, así como la importancia de superar la escisión entre las llamadas ciencias duras y las sociales/humanas, y la necesidad de aportes como los de las ciencias de la complejidad, de los estudios culturales, (...) de modernidad/colonialidad, y del pensamiento ambiental, como desafíos y posibilidades para abordar el problema ambiental de manera integral. Este conjunto de aproximaciones representa un reto grande para las ciencias sociales, pero sin enfrentarlo será imposible abordar los problemas ambientales de manera adecuada. (shrink)

Enrique Leff sostiene que las causas profundas de la crisis ambiental se basan en formas dominantes de conocimiento, es decir, la crisis tiene sus raíces en las bases epistemológicas de la modernidad. Leff sistemáticamente se ha dedicado a proponer y construir conceptos que deconstruyen los supuestos modernos, y que al mismo tiempo, permiten nuevas formas de entender y aprehender el mundo. Su extensa obra ha logrado trascender y forjar un espacio para el pensamiento ambiental, no sólo en la educación y (...) la filosofía ambiental, sino también en las áreas de la economía, la sociología y el desarrollo. Su argumento central es que estos problemas son el resultado de una crisis de la civilización, e insta a todos a repensar los fundamentos de la racionalidad moderna que subyace a la sociedad global contemporánea. (shrink)

Enrique Leff sostiene que las causas profundas de la crisis ambiental se basan en formas dominantes de conocimiento, es decir, la crisis tiene sus raíces en las bases epistemológicas de la modernidad. Leff sistemáticamente se ha dedicado a proponer y construir conceptos que deconstruyen los supuestos modernos, y que al mismo tiempo, permiten nuevas formas de entender y aprehender el mundo. Su extensa obra ha logrado trascender y forjar un espacio para el pensamiento ambiental, no sólo en la educación y (...) la filosofía ambiental, sino también en las áreas de la economía, la sociología y el desarrollo. Su argumento central es que estos problemas son el resultado de una crisis de la civilización, e insta a todos a repensar los fundamentos de la racionalidad moderna que subyace a la sociedad global contemporánea. (shrink)

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es dar a conocer las reflexiones del filósofo alemán Robert Spaemann en torno al concepto de dignidad humana. Para ello, nos detendremos a considerar qué van antes, si los derechos humanos o la dignidad; los tipos de dignidad: ontológica y moral; así como los problemas que lleva consigo el concepto de dignidad humana. A continuación, abordaremos la argumentación de Robert Spaemann en torno a la dignidad en tres apartados: la capacidad de autotrascendencia del ser (...) humano, el ser potencialmente moral, y el poder representar a lo Absoluto. (shrink)